Assessment of Skin and Mucosa at the Equine Oral Commissures to Assess Pathology from Bit Wear: The Oral Commissure Assessment Protocol (OCA) for Analysis and Categorisation of Oral Commissures
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Assessment of Skin and Mucosa at the Equine Oral Commissures to Assess Pathology from Bit Wear : The Oral Commissure Assessment Protocol (OCA) for Analysis and Categorisation of Oral Commissures. / Uldahl, Mette; Bundgaard, Louise; Dahl, Jan; Clayton, Hilary Mary.
In: Animals, Vol. 12, No. 5, 643, 2022.Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Assessment of Skin and Mucosa at the Equine Oral Commissures to Assess Pathology from Bit Wear
T2 - The Oral Commissure Assessment Protocol (OCA) for Analysis and Categorisation of Oral Commissures
AU - Uldahl, Mette
AU - Bundgaard, Louise
AU - Dahl, Jan
AU - Clayton, Hilary Mary
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2022
Y1 - 2022
N2 - This study addresses the presence and location of natural pigmentation, potentially pathological changes in pigment, interruptions of the natural lining (scars), roughness, and erosions/contusion (bruising) in and around the corners of the lips of 206 horses presented to a veterinarian for routine preventative dental treatment. After sedation, photographs were taken and later evaluated for the presence of lesions. During the photographic analysis, the Oral Commissure Assessment (OCA) protocol was developed to map precisely the areas of skin and mucosa around the corners of the lips, and the presence of lesions was recorded for each area. Potentially pathological pigment changes occurred more frequently in horses with a higher level of training (p = 0.04) and in light-coloured horses (p = 0.0004), but there was no association with the current use of a bit or the discipline that the horse participated in (p = 0.20). Scars occurred more frequently in horses competing at a higher level. Only two horses had contusions or erosions, five had ulcers, and none showed bleeding; these numbers were too low for statistical analysis. Using the OCA protocol provides a detailed method for categorizing and recording lesions in and around the corners of the lips, including natural vs. potential and/or definite pathological character.
AB - This study addresses the presence and location of natural pigmentation, potentially pathological changes in pigment, interruptions of the natural lining (scars), roughness, and erosions/contusion (bruising) in and around the corners of the lips of 206 horses presented to a veterinarian for routine preventative dental treatment. After sedation, photographs were taken and later evaluated for the presence of lesions. During the photographic analysis, the Oral Commissure Assessment (OCA) protocol was developed to map precisely the areas of skin and mucosa around the corners of the lips, and the presence of lesions was recorded for each area. Potentially pathological pigment changes occurred more frequently in horses with a higher level of training (p = 0.04) and in light-coloured horses (p = 0.0004), but there was no association with the current use of a bit or the discipline that the horse participated in (p = 0.20). Scars occurred more frequently in horses competing at a higher level. Only two horses had contusions or erosions, five had ulcers, and none showed bleeding; these numbers were too low for statistical analysis. Using the OCA protocol provides a detailed method for categorizing and recording lesions in and around the corners of the lips, including natural vs. potential and/or definite pathological character.
KW - Bit use
KW - Horse
KW - Oral commissure assessment protocol
KW - Oral lesions
KW - Oral pathology
U2 - 10.3390/ani12050643
DO - 10.3390/ani12050643
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 35268211
AN - SCOPUS:85126046880
VL - 12
JO - Animals
JF - Animals
SN - 2076-2615
IS - 5
M1 - 643
ER -
ID: 301487348